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Evaluation of Velocity Impact on Sand Particles in Two-Phase Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipes

Received: 24 February 2021     Accepted: 22 March 2021     Published: 18 August 2021
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Abstract

Experimental investigations on sand particles in annular flow in horizontal pipes were presented. The aim is to enhance the knowledge related to sand transportation in the oil and gas industry. More so, to add values in facilitating the optimum design of oil and gas production systems where annular flow is often encountered. The experimental investigations were conducted using a closed-loop consisting of a horizontal pipe with an internal diameter of 2-inch (0.0504m). The experimental investigations covered both: water/sand flow and water/air/sand annular flow. The water/sand flow experiments were carried out to establish sand transport regime in liquid such as sand saltation, sand streak, and sand suspension. While, water/air/sand annular flow experiments revealed that the only the only sand transport regime in annular flow are saltation and suspension. Sand concentration profile in the annular flows were also estimated by using the sampling method. It was found that the bigger the sand particle size (500microns) leads to higher concentration of sand being transported at the bottom of the pipe because of gravity effect, while the smaller the sand particle size (212microns), leads to the higher sand concentration. Also, the sand concentration increased at the gas core as the superficial gas velocity increases.

Published in Petroleum Science and Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11
Page(s) 32-43
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sand Distribution, Sand Concentration, Annular Flow, Multiphase Flow, Flow Regimes

References
[1] Afshin Goharzadeh., Peter Rodgers., Chokri Touati (2008) Influence of Slug Flow on Hydraulic Sand Dune Migration in Horizontal Pipelines, Proceedings of IMECE2008, 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition October 31 –November 6, 2008, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2008.
[2] Akilli, H, Levy, E, K and Sahin, B. Gas-Solid Flow Behaviour in a Horizontal Pipe after 90° Vertical-to-Horizontal Elbow” Power Technology, Vol. 116, pp. 43-52, Elsevier, 2001.
[3] Angelsen, S., Kvernvold, O., Lingelem, M and Olsen, S. Long-Distance Transport of Unprocessed HC Sand settling in Multiphase Flow Lines, Multi-phase Flow-Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, 149-170, 1989.
[4] Bello, O. O., Kurt, M. R and Catalin, T, Particle Holdup Profile in Horizontal Gas-Liquid-Solid Multiphase Flow Pipeline, Chemical Engineering & Technology, 28 (12), 1546-1653, 2011.
[5] Doron, P. and Barnea, D. Flow Pattern Maps for Solid-Liquid Flow in Pipes, International Journal Multiphase Flow. Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 273-283, 1996.
[6] Durand, R. The Hydraulic Transportation of Coal and Solid Materials in Pipe, Pt 1, London Colloquium of the National Coal Board, Neyrpic, Grenoble-Beauver, 1952.
[7] Franklin, E. M. Prediction of Bed-load Transport by Gas-Liquid Stratified Flow in Horizontal Ducts Applied Mathematical Modelling 37, pp. 5627-5636, Elsevier, 2013.
[8] Gillies, R. G., McKibben, M. J and Shook, C. A. Pipeline Flow of Gas, Liquid and Sand Mixture at Low Velocities, the Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 36, No. 9, 36-42, 1997.
[9] Ibarra, R., Mohan, R. S and Shoham, O. Critical Sand Deposition Velocity in Horizontal Stratified Flow, SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA, 26-28th February, 2014.
[10] Jiang, Z., Hagemier, T., Buck, A. and Tsotsas, E. (2017) Experimental Measurement of Particles Collision Dynamics in a Pseudo-2D Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed. Chemical Engineering Science, S0009-2509 (17) 30271-3, 2017.
[11] Kamyar Najmi., Alan L. Hill, Brenton S. Mclaury, Siamack A. Shirazi and Selen Cremaschi Experimental Study of Low Concentration Sand Transport in Multiphase Air-Water Horizontal Pipelines. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, vol. 137. (032908-1)-(032908-10), 2015.
[12] Kesana, N. R., Throneberry, J. M., Mclaury, B. S., Shirazi, S. A and Rybicki, E. F. Effect of Particle Size and Viscosity on Erosion in Annular and Slug Flow, Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition IMECE2012, November 9-15, 2012, Houston, Texas, USA.
[13] Newitt, D. M., Richardson, J. F., Abbott, M. and Turtle, R. B. Hydraulic Conveying of Solids in Horizontal Pipes, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., Vol. 33, 2, pp. 93-113, 1955.
[14] Oroskar, A. R and Turian, R. M. The Critical Velocity in Pipeline Flow of Slurries. AIChE J. 26 (4), 550-558, 1980.
[15] Oudeman, P. Sand Transport and Deposition in Horizontal Multiphase Trunklines of Subsea.
[16] Satellite Developments. SPE Production & Facilities, 8 (4), 237-241, 1993.
[17] Ramadan, A., Skalle, P and Saasen, A. Application of a Three-Layer Modelling Approach for Solids Transport in Horizontal and Inclined Channels. Elsevier, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 60, pp. 2557-2570, 2005.
[18] Sergey, V. Alekseenko, Andrey, V. Cherdantsev, Mikhail, V. Cherdantsev, Sergey, V. Isaenkov, Sergey, M. Kharlamov and Dmitriy, M. Markovich. Formation of Disturbance Waves in Annular Gas-Liquid Flow. Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 17th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, 07-10 July, 2014.
[19] Stevenson, P and Thorpe, R. B. Velocity of Isolated Particles along a Pipe in Stratified Gas-Liquid Flow. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 963-969, 2002.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Osokogwu Uche. (2021). Evaluation of Velocity Impact on Sand Particles in Two-Phase Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipes. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 5(2), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11

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    ACS Style

    Osokogwu Uche. Evaluation of Velocity Impact on Sand Particles in Two-Phase Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipes. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2021, 5(2), 32-43. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11

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    AMA Style

    Osokogwu Uche. Evaluation of Velocity Impact on Sand Particles in Two-Phase Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipes. Pet Sci Eng. 2021;5(2):32-43. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11,
      author = {Osokogwu Uche},
      title = {Evaluation of Velocity Impact on Sand Particles in Two-Phase Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipes},
      journal = {Petroleum Science and Engineering},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {32-43},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pse.20210502.11},
      abstract = {Experimental investigations on sand particles in annular flow in horizontal pipes were presented. The aim is to enhance the knowledge related to sand transportation in the oil and gas industry. More so, to add values in facilitating the optimum design of oil and gas production systems where annular flow is often encountered. The experimental investigations were conducted using a closed-loop consisting of a horizontal pipe with an internal diameter of 2-inch (0.0504m). The experimental investigations covered both: water/sand flow and water/air/sand annular flow. The water/sand flow experiments were carried out to establish sand transport regime in liquid such as sand saltation, sand streak, and sand suspension. While, water/air/sand annular flow experiments revealed that the only the only sand transport regime in annular flow are saltation and suspension. Sand concentration profile in the annular flows were also estimated by using the sampling method. It was found that the bigger the sand particle size (500microns) leads to higher concentration of sand being transported at the bottom of the pipe because of gravity effect, while the smaller the sand particle size (212microns), leads to the higher sand concentration. Also, the sand concentration increased at the gas core as the superficial gas velocity increases.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of Velocity Impact on Sand Particles in Two-Phase Annular Flow in Horizontal Pipes
    AU  - Osokogwu Uche
    Y1  - 2021/08/18
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11
    T2  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
    JF  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
    JO  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
    SP  - 32
    EP  - 43
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-4516
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20210502.11
    AB  - Experimental investigations on sand particles in annular flow in horizontal pipes were presented. The aim is to enhance the knowledge related to sand transportation in the oil and gas industry. More so, to add values in facilitating the optimum design of oil and gas production systems where annular flow is often encountered. The experimental investigations were conducted using a closed-loop consisting of a horizontal pipe with an internal diameter of 2-inch (0.0504m). The experimental investigations covered both: water/sand flow and water/air/sand annular flow. The water/sand flow experiments were carried out to establish sand transport regime in liquid such as sand saltation, sand streak, and sand suspension. While, water/air/sand annular flow experiments revealed that the only the only sand transport regime in annular flow are saltation and suspension. Sand concentration profile in the annular flows were also estimated by using the sampling method. It was found that the bigger the sand particle size (500microns) leads to higher concentration of sand being transported at the bottom of the pipe because of gravity effect, while the smaller the sand particle size (212microns), leads to the higher sand concentration. Also, the sand concentration increased at the gas core as the superficial gas velocity increases.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Geo-Energy Engineering Centre, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom

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