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Updates on the Geology and Potential Petroleum System of the Bida Basin in Central Nigeria

Received: 12 February 2020     Accepted: 24 February 2020     Published: 10 March 2020
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Abstract

The Bida Basin is one of Nigeria’s inland frontier basins. The conventional stratigraphy of the Bida Basin has the Bida Formation at the base in the northern sector, followed successively upward by the Sakpe, Enagi, and Batati Formations. In the southern sector, the Lokoja Formation is at the base, followed by the Patti Formation and ending with the Agbaja Formation at the top. Detailed field mapping carried out in this study has not identified the Batati Formation at the previously assigned Type Locality at Batati village. A new formational name of “Pattishabakolo Formation” has been proposed. The Patti Formation is also not mappable at the previously assigned Type Locality of the Mount Patti in Lokoja but mappable at Gegu, Ahoko and midway on the Agbaja Plateau. A new Type Locality at Ahoko has been proposed. Sediment thicknesses in the Bida Basin are shallower at the margin and generally deepen towards the centresuch that the central portions constitute the most prospective areas. Geophysical aeromagnetic interpretation has assisted in the interpretation of the geology of the basin. Organic geochemical studies show that the Kudu Shale in the Northern Bida Basin equivalent to the Ahoko Shale in the Southern Bida Basin constitutes the source rocks in the potential petroleum system. With averages for source rock thickness of 40m, area of basin of 45,000km2, TOC of 9.0wt%, and HI of 220mgHC/gTOC, charge modeling indicates 623 million barrels of oil equivalent extractable hydrocarbons in the Bida Basin, at current knowledge and if the appropriate maturity has been attained at deeper sections. The Bida/Lokoja Formation sandstones as well as the well sorted sandstones in the Enagi Formation constitute potential reservoirs in the basin. Regional seals are provided by the clayey members of the Enagi and Batati Formations. Potential traps are both structural and stratigraphical.

Published in Petroleum Science and Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13
Page(s) 23-33
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Frontier Basins, Bida Basin, Kudu Shale, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum System

References
[1] Ojo, S. B. 1984. Middle Niger Basin revisited: magnetic constraints on gravity interpretations. Abstract, 20th Conference of the Nigeria Mining and Geosciences Society, Nsukka, pp 52–53.
[2] Ojo, S. B. and Ajakaiye, D. E. 1989. Preliminary interpretation of gravity measurements in the Mid-Niger Basin area, Nigeria. In: Kogbe, C. A. (Ed.), Geology of Nigeria, 2nd edition, Elizabethan Publishers, Lagos, pp 347–358.
[3] Mohamed, A. Y., Pearson, M. J., Ashcroft, W. A., Illiffe J. E. and Whiteman, A. J. 1999. Modeling petroleum generation in the Southern Muglad rift basin, Sudan. AAPG Bulletin 83, 1943-1964.
[4] Obaje, N. G., Wehner, H., Scheeder, G., Abubakar, M. B. and Jauro, A. 2004. Hydrocarbon prospectivity of Nigeria’s inland basins: from the viewpoint of organic geochemistry and organic petrology. AAPG Bulletin 87, 325–353.
[5] Obaje, N. G., Balogu, D. O., Yakubu, M., Idris-Nda, A., Goro, I. A., Ibrahim, S. I., Musa, K. M., Dantata, H., Yusuf, I., Dadi-Mamud, N. J. and Kolo, I. A. 2013. Preliminary integrated hydrocarbon prospectivity evaluation of the Bida Basin in North Central Nigeria. Petroleum Technology Development Journal 3 (2), 41-71.
[6] Obaje, N. G., Idris-Nda, A., Okoro, A. U., Akpunonu, E. O., Jatau, S. B., Goro, I. A. and Dantata, S. H. 2015. G&G assessment of hydrocarbon new business opportunities in the Bida Basin of Central Nigeria. Oil and Gas Journal (USA), April 6, 2015 edition.
[7] Ladipo, K. O., Akande S. O. and Mucke, A. 1994. Genesis of ironstones from the Mid-Niger sedimentary basin: evidence from sedimentological, ore microscopic and geochemical studies. Journal of Mining and Geology 30, 161-168.
[8] Akande, S. O, Ojo, O. J., Erdtmann, B. D. and Hetenyi, M. 2005. Paleoenvironments, organic petrology and Rock-Eval studies on source rock facies of the Lower Maastrichtian Patti Formation, southern Bida Basin, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 41, 394-406.
[9] Rahaman, M. A. O., Fadiya, S. L., Adekola, S. A., Coker, S. J., Bale, R. B., Olawoki, A. O., Omada, J. I., Obaje, N. G., Akinsanpe, O. T., Ojo, G. A., Akande, W. G. 2018. A revised stratigraphy of the Bida Basin, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 70, 23–35.
[10] Adeleye, D. R. 1975. Nigerian Late Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography. AAPG Bulletin 59, 2302-2313.
[11] Braide, S. P. 1992b. Syntectonic fluvial sedimentation in the central Bida Basin. Journal of Mining and Geology 28, 55–64.
[12] Udensi, E. E. and Osazuwa, I. B. 2004. Spectral determination of depths to magnetic rocks under the Nupe Basin, Nigeria. Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists (NAPE) Bulletin 17, 22–27.
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  • APA Style

    Nuhu George Obaje, Abdullahi Bomai, Sunday Dabai Moses, Mohammed Ali, Abdulwahid Aweda, et al. (2020). Updates on the Geology and Potential Petroleum System of the Bida Basin in Central Nigeria. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 4(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13

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    ACS Style

    Nuhu George Obaje; Abdullahi Bomai; Sunday Dabai Moses; Mohammed Ali; Abdulwahid Aweda, et al. Updates on the Geology and Potential Petroleum System of the Bida Basin in Central Nigeria. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2020, 4(1), 23-33. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13

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    AMA Style

    Nuhu George Obaje, Abdullahi Bomai, Sunday Dabai Moses, Mohammed Ali, Abdulwahid Aweda, et al. Updates on the Geology and Potential Petroleum System of the Bida Basin in Central Nigeria. Pet Sci Eng. 2020;4(1):23-33. doi: 10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13,
      author = {Nuhu George Obaje and Abdullahi Bomai and Sunday Dabai Moses and Mohammed Ali and Abdulwahid Aweda and Serah Japhet Habu and Abdullahi Idris-Nda and Aliyu Isah Goro and Salome Waziri},
      title = {Updates on the Geology and Potential Petroleum System of the Bida Basin in Central Nigeria},
      journal = {Petroleum Science and Engineering},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {23-33},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pse.20200401.13},
      abstract = {The Bida Basin is one of Nigeria’s inland frontier basins. The conventional stratigraphy of the Bida Basin has the Bida Formation at the base in the northern sector, followed successively upward by the Sakpe, Enagi, and Batati Formations. In the southern sector, the Lokoja Formation is at the base, followed by the Patti Formation and ending with the Agbaja Formation at the top. Detailed field mapping carried out in this study has not identified the Batati Formation at the previously assigned Type Locality at Batati village. A new formational name of “Pattishabakolo Formation” has been proposed. The Patti Formation is also not mappable at the previously assigned Type Locality of the Mount Patti in Lokoja but mappable at Gegu, Ahoko and midway on the Agbaja Plateau. A new Type Locality at Ahoko has been proposed. Sediment thicknesses in the Bida Basin are shallower at the margin and generally deepen towards the centresuch that the central portions constitute the most prospective areas. Geophysical aeromagnetic interpretation has assisted in the interpretation of the geology of the basin. Organic geochemical studies show that the Kudu Shale in the Northern Bida Basin equivalent to the Ahoko Shale in the Southern Bida Basin constitutes the source rocks in the potential petroleum system. With averages for source rock thickness of 40m, area of basin of 45,000km2, TOC of 9.0wt%, and HI of 220mgHC/gTOC, charge modeling indicates 623 million barrels of oil equivalent extractable hydrocarbons in the Bida Basin, at current knowledge and if the appropriate maturity has been attained at deeper sections. The Bida/Lokoja Formation sandstones as well as the well sorted sandstones in the Enagi Formation constitute potential reservoirs in the basin. Regional seals are provided by the clayey members of the Enagi and Batati Formations. Potential traps are both structural and stratigraphical.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Updates on the Geology and Potential Petroleum System of the Bida Basin in Central Nigeria
    AU  - Nuhu George Obaje
    AU  - Abdullahi Bomai
    AU  - Sunday Dabai Moses
    AU  - Mohammed Ali
    AU  - Abdulwahid Aweda
    AU  - Serah Japhet Habu
    AU  - Abdullahi Idris-Nda
    AU  - Aliyu Isah Goro
    AU  - Salome Waziri
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13
    T2  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
    JF  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
    JO  - Petroleum Science and Engineering
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    EP  - 33
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-4516
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20200401.13
    AB  - The Bida Basin is one of Nigeria’s inland frontier basins. The conventional stratigraphy of the Bida Basin has the Bida Formation at the base in the northern sector, followed successively upward by the Sakpe, Enagi, and Batati Formations. In the southern sector, the Lokoja Formation is at the base, followed by the Patti Formation and ending with the Agbaja Formation at the top. Detailed field mapping carried out in this study has not identified the Batati Formation at the previously assigned Type Locality at Batati village. A new formational name of “Pattishabakolo Formation” has been proposed. The Patti Formation is also not mappable at the previously assigned Type Locality of the Mount Patti in Lokoja but mappable at Gegu, Ahoko and midway on the Agbaja Plateau. A new Type Locality at Ahoko has been proposed. Sediment thicknesses in the Bida Basin are shallower at the margin and generally deepen towards the centresuch that the central portions constitute the most prospective areas. Geophysical aeromagnetic interpretation has assisted in the interpretation of the geology of the basin. Organic geochemical studies show that the Kudu Shale in the Northern Bida Basin equivalent to the Ahoko Shale in the Southern Bida Basin constitutes the source rocks in the potential petroleum system. With averages for source rock thickness of 40m, area of basin of 45,000km2, TOC of 9.0wt%, and HI of 220mgHC/gTOC, charge modeling indicates 623 million barrels of oil equivalent extractable hydrocarbons in the Bida Basin, at current knowledge and if the appropriate maturity has been attained at deeper sections. The Bida/Lokoja Formation sandstones as well as the well sorted sandstones in the Enagi Formation constitute potential reservoirs in the basin. Regional seals are provided by the clayey members of the Enagi and Batati Formations. Potential traps are both structural and stratigraphical.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Chair in Basinal Studies, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

  • Frontier Exploration Services, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Frontier Exploration Services, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Frontier Exploration Services, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

  • National Remote Sensing Centre, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

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